Pharmaceutical adaptation faced with the new health challenges arising by Сovid 19 in Algeria: trend of development for pharmaceutical management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26661/2522-1566/2024-2/28-04Keywords:
Covid-19; pharmaceutical management; development; pharmaceutical adaptation; pharmacists; challengesAbstract
The objective for this paper is to determine the extent to which pharmacists are adapting to the growing needs of customers at the covid-19 era. Both pharmacists and their clients are submitted to five challenges: spread of infections, access to medicines, self-medication, work management and staff training. In order to do so, an online case study using a semi-structured interview concerning the main challenges faced by 50 pharmacies during the covid-19 period to describe the role of pharmacies and discuss their future functions was conducted during the months of September/November 2023 in the region located in the far west of Algeria. Then, to measure the degree of urgency and importance of the challenges encountered, we adopted the Eisenhower matrix while using the Likert scale (of 05 choices) with the help of Sphinx plus software. We then applied the same analysis tool to a sample of 138 customers to reveal their degree of pharmaceutical adaptation. This study revealed a high degree of adaptation in terms of (importance/urgency) of pharmacies in relation to their customers for the five challenges mentioned above: (4.94-4.98) / (5/5) for the spread of infections; (4.56-4.94) / (3.97-4.57) for access to medicines; (3.98/1.66) against (3.88-1.54) for self-medication. (1.60-3.38) versus (1.57-3.39) for work management and (3.40-1.66) versus (3.46-1.37) for training. These results converge towards a concept of pharmaceutical adaptation, which is a trend of development for innovation in pharmaceutical management.
JEL Classification: H12, M12
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Zachary Z, Charmane JW. (2021). Community pharmacy response to infection control during COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey. Res Social Adm Pharm; 17(1): 1845-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.06.014
Al-Haqan A, Alenezi F, Al-Mutairi S et al. (2022). Are pharmacists well equipped to deal with global health emergencies? Burnout during COVID-19. J Pharm Health Serv Res 2022; 13 (1): 9-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmab067
Anderson N, Potočnik K, Zhou J. (2014). Innovation and Creativity in Organizations: A State-of-the-Science Review, Prospective Commentary, and Guiding Framework. J Manage. 40 (5): 1297-333. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527128
Annosi MC, Magnusson M, Martini A, et al. (2016). Social Conduct, Learning and Innovation: An Abductive Study of the Dark Side of Agile Software Development. Creativity Innov Manag. 25 (4): 515-535. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12172
Baratta F, Visentin G, Enri LR et al (2021). Community Pharmacy Practice in Italyduring the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: Regulatory Changes and a Cross-Sectional Analysis of Seroprevalence. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 18 (5): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052302
Bragazzi NL, Mansour M, Bonsignore A et al. (2020). The Role of Hospital and Community Pharmacists in the Management of COVID-19: Towards an Expanded Definition of the Roles, Responsibilities, and Duties of the Pharmacist. Pharm. 8 (3):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030140
Bratterud, H., Burgess, M., Fasy, B.T., Millman, D.L., Oster, T., Sung, E.. (2020). The Sung Diagram: Revitalizing the Eisenhower Matrix. In: Pietarinen, AV., Chapman, P., Bosveld-de Smet, L., Giardino, V., Corter, J., Linker, S. (eds) Diagrammatic Representation and Inference. Diagrams 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 12169. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54249-8_43
Cadogan C A, Hughes CM. (2021). On the frontline against COVID-19: Community pharmacists’ contribution during a public health crisis. Res Social Adm Pharm. 17(1): 2032-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.015
Chi Z M, Renukha S, Jason S E L. (2021). The prevalence and perception of self-medication among adults in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Int J Pharm Pract. 29 (1): 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12660
Datoussaid A, Hamadi A, Ezzine A. (2021). Indigenous tacit knowledge of traditional medicine against COVID-19 in Algeria, J Manag Spiritual Relig.18 (5): 444-461. https://doi.org/10.51327/WDBD2443
Djeflat A. (2021). Le Coronavirus et l'économie de la connaissance : les effets différenciés dans le Nord et dans le Sud. Revue Marocaine d’Audit et de Développement. 51: 43-60
Djeflat A. (2022) Le coronavirus et l’importance de l’insertion dans l’Économie de la connaissance : une lecture évolutionniste. Marché et Organisations. 1 (43): 65-84. https://doi.org/10.3917/maorg.043.0065
Djellal F, Gallouj F. (2006). Innovation in care services for the elderly. Serv Ind J 2006; 26 (3): 303-27. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/02642060600570943
Hamadi A, Datoussaid A. (2019). Endogenous institutional change in favor of access to medicines: the case of Algeria. El-Bahith Review. 19 (1): 541-549.
Hamadi A, Datoussaid A. Dif A. (2017) Politique publique industrielle en faveur des PMEs pharmaceutiques algériennes. Revue des sciences humaines. 17 (2): 12-31.
Hamadi A, Jou S, Datoussaid A. (2022). Access to COVID-19 vaccines: inequality between developed and developing countries. Les cahiers du Mecas. 17 (4): 1-8.
Hayden J, Parkin R. (2020).The challenges of COVID-19 for community pharmacists and opportunities for the future. Ir J Psychol Med. 37 : 198-203. https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.52
Jou S, Datoussaid A. (2023). Les pharmaciens d'officines et le service pharmaceutique en Algérie : leçons tirées de la crise sanitaire COVID-19. Les cahiers du Mecas. 19 (1) : 54-64
Kala’lembang, A. (2021), Digitalization in increasing SMEs productivity in the post COVID-19 pandemic period, Management and entrepreneurship: trends of development. 2(16). 101-110. https://doi.org/10.26661/2522-1566/2021-1/16-08
Marwitz KK, Haugtvedt C, Kostrzewa AB. (2021). Support Pharmacy Infrastructure to Strengthen US COVID-19 vaccination efforts and beyond. Am J Public Health. 111: 1204-06. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306314
Matias T, Dominski DF. (2020). Human needs in COVID-19. isolation. J Health Psychol. 25 (7): 871-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105320925149
Morawska L, Cao J. (2020). Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality. Environ Int. 139: 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105730
Nadia AM, Rana MI, Al Meslamani AZ et al. (2021). The evolving role of community pharmacists during COVID-19 in the UAE; assessing preparedness and knowledge. Int J Pharm Pract. 29 (2): 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaa003
Nazanin F, Corey M, Centaine L S. (2021). The pharmacist informatician: providing an innovative model of care during the COVID-19 crisis. Int J Pharm Pract 2021; 29 (2): 152–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaa017
Savitri E, Emrinaldi NP, Syahza A. (2021). Can innovation mediate the effect of adaptability, entrepreneurial orientation on business performance? Manag Sci Lett. 11: 2301-12. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2021.3.014
Smith MB, Webster BD. (2018). Narcissus the innovator? The relationship between grandiose narcissism, innovation, and adaptability. Pers Individ Differ. 121 (15): 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.018
Tuominen M, Rajala A, Möller K. (2004). How does adaptability drive firm innovativeness? J Bus Res 2004; 57 (5): 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(02)00316-8
WHO. (2021). Therapeutics and COVID-19: living guideline, 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-therapeutics-2021.1 (20 April 2021, date last accessed).
WHO. (2023). Guidelines for the regulatory assessment of medicinal products for use in self-medication, 2023. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66154 (20 August 2023, date last accessed).
Widya Adhariyanty R ., Adriani K, (2023). Analysis of the role and motivation of human capital in the post-pandemic period of covid-19. Management and entrepreneurship: trends of development. 1(23). 29-36. https://doi.org/10.26661/2522-1566/2023-1/23-03
Zachary Z, Charmane JW. (2021). Community pharmacy response to infection control during COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey. Res Social Adm Pharm; 17(1): 1845-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.06.014
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Published
2024-06-20
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Management
How to Cite
Jou, S. (2024) “Pharmaceutical adaptation faced with the new health challenges arising by Сovid 19 in Algeria: trend of development for pharmaceutical management”, Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development, 2(28), pp. 52–60. doi:10.26661/2522-1566/2024-2/28-04.
