Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development
eISSN 2522-1566 Title of the journal: Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development Publisher: Zaporizhzhia National University (EDRPOU code 02125243) Frequency: quarterly Year of foundation: 2017 The scientific journal Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development is included into the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine’s list of professional publications (category "B") according to the Decree of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine № 1643 dated 28.12.2019. Scientific profile of the publication (cluster): Economic transformations, business, administration and law Specialties: C1 Economics and international economic relations; D1 Accounting and taxation; D2 Finance, banking, insurance and stock market; D3 Management; D4 Public management and administration; D5 Marketing; D7 Trade. Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development (METOD) is founded by the Department of Entrepreneurship, Management of Organizations and Logіstiсs (Zaporizhzhia National University). The aim of the electronic scientific journal “Management and Entrepreneurship: Development Trends” is to promote the advancement of scientific thought and the improvement of managerial and entrepreneurial practices through the dissemination of results from fundamental and applied research in the fields of management, entrepreneurship, marketing, and administration. The journal aims to ensure timely and comprehensive access for the academic community, practitioners, and students to contemporary knowledge generated by Ukrainian and foreign scholars, thereby contributing to the integration of national science into the global scientific and informational space. Objectives of the Scientific Journal: To publish the results of scientific research on issues of management, entrepreneurship, marketing, logistics, innovation, and sustainable development. To promote scientific discussion, exchange of experience, and the formation of professional communities in the field of management and administration. To support young researchers, postgraduate students, and practitioners in publishing the results of their studies. To popularize modern scientific approaches, concepts, and models of enterprise management in the context of digitalization and globalization of the economy. To deepen international scientific cooperation and strengthen the integration of Ukrainian management science into the global academic environment. To provide open access to scientific information in order to support educational programs and improve the quality of management education. The journal is indexed by academic databases and search engines: ULRICHS WEB GLOBAL SERIALS DIRECTORY, INDEX COPERNICUS, DOAJ, ERIH PLUS, СrossRef, GOOGLE SCHOLAR. "Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development" on the ICI World of Journals (Index Copernicus International). "Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development" on the DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals). "Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development" on the European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences (ERIH PLUS) "Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development" on the GOOGLE SCHOLAR. "Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development" on WorldCat. "Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development" on the CrossRef. "Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development" on Open Ukrainian Citation Index. "Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development" on the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine website. The journal issues research and review articles to promote the exchange of knowledge and experience among academicians, scholars and practitioners in the field of management and entrepreneurship. METOD publishes four issues per year and welcomes original articles and submissions from scholars and practitioners on all aspects of management and entrepreneurship in Ukrainian, English and German, which have not been previously published in their current or substantially similar form. The periodical is issued on the resolution of the academic council of Zaporizhzhia National University. SCOPE/COVERAGE Economics; Accounting and Taxation; Finance, Banking and Insurance; Management; Public Administration; Marketing; Entrepreneurship, Trade and Exchange Activities; Logistics and Supply Chain Management. All articles are checked for plagiarism by the means of strikeplagiarism.com service to achieve authenticity of the texts. Articles are accepted on a regular basis. Schedule of publication for 2026: Issue 1 (35) - 20/03/2026; Issue 2 (36) - 31/05/2026; Issue 3 (37) - 20/10/2026; Issue 4 (38) - 20/12/2026. All the content of the journal is freely available.
Transformation of consumer properties of goods and their competitiveness in the e-commerce system: a commodity science approach to the digital market
The article examines the transformation of the consumer properties of goods within the e-commerce system under the conditions of the emerging digital market and the development of a commodity science approach to product evaluation. The relevance of the study is determined by the rapid expansion of e-commerce, changes in the mechanisms of interaction between sellers and consumers, the growing role of digital platforms in shaping the market value of goods, and the increasing importance of information components in consumer decision-making processes. In these conditions, traditional approaches to defining product quality and competitiveness are being reconsidered. The aim of the study is to identify the specific features of the transformation of consumer properties of goods under the influence of e-commerce and to substantiate commodity science approaches to their evaluation in the context of the digital market. The methodological framework is based on a systems approach, analysis and synthesis of scientific sources, comparative and structural-logical analysis of e-commerce processes, as well as a generalization of current trends in the development of the digital economy. The study finds that, in e-commerce conditions, the consumer properties of goods acquire an expanded meaning, as alongside traditional characteristics, digital product representation, the quality of visual content, information completeness, consumer reviews, and rating mechanisms play a significant role. It is demonstrated that the competitiveness of goods in the digital market is formed through the complex interaction of product quality characteristics, the effectiveness of digital marketing, the level of logistics services, and reputational factors. It is shown that modern commodity science is integrating with digital analytics tools, platform-based e-commerce models, and consumer data processing technologies, which enables new approaches to managing commodity flows. The practical significance of the results lies in their potential use by e-commerce entities to improve systems for evaluating consumer properties of goods, enhance product competitiveness, and optimize interaction processes with consumers in the digital market environment. JEL Classification: L81, M15, M31, D49, O33.
Entrepreneurship, Trade and Exchange Activities
consumer properties of goods, e-commerce, digital market, commodity science, product competitiveness, digital economy, marketplaces, digital platforms, consumer behavior
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Integrated advertising management in the system of brand-oriented marketing communications under digital environment conditions
The study is devoted to the theoretical and methodological substantiation of integrated advertising management within the system of brand-oriented marketing communications under the conditions of the digital environment. The relevance of the research is determined by the rapid digitalization of the economy, the transformation of consumer behavior models, the intensification of competition in the digital space, and the increasing role of personalized communications in ensuring brand sustainability and enterprise competitiveness. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the conceptual foundations of integrated advertising management in the system of brand-oriented marketing communications and to determine the strategic mechanisms for integrating digital marketing tools, advertising communications, analytical systems, and consumer interaction management in the digital environment. The subject of the research is the system of integrated advertising management and its influence on the effectiveness of brand-oriented marketing communications in the context of digital transformation. The methodological basis of the research is formed by an interdisciplinary approach combining the concepts of integrated marketing communications, digital marketing, brand management, and strategic management. The study employs a systemic approach, structural-functional analysis, conceptual modeling, logical generalization, and comparative analysis of contemporary digital communication practices. The application of systemic analysis made it possible to identify the interrelationships between digital communication channels, advertising analytics, consumer behavioral characteristics, and the effectiveness of brand-oriented marketing strategies. The findings of the study demonstrate that integrated advertising management in the digital environment is transforming into a multi-level system of strategic management of brand communication capital. It has been substantiated that the integration of digital communication channels, CRM systems, marketing automation technologies, digital analytics, and artificial intelligence tools ensures the personalization of advertising messages, strengthens consumer loyalty, and improves the effectiveness of marketing communications. The study also confirms that the synergy between brand-oriented communications and digital technologies contributes to enhancing the long-term competitiveness and market sustainability of enterprises. At the same time, it has been established that excessive digitalization of advertising processes is associated with informational, reputational, ethical, and algorithmic risks that require systematic managerial control. The scientific originality of the research lies in the development of a conceptual model of integrated advertising management based on the combination of brand-oriented management, digital communication integration, behavioral analytics, and systems for evaluating the effectiveness of advertising communications. The practical significance of the study is related to the possibility of applying the proposed approaches in enterprise activities to improve the effectiveness of advertising campaigns, optimize brand strategies, develop adaptive communication systems, and enhance digital interaction with consumers. The limitations of the study are determined by its conceptual and analytical nature, which necessitates further empirical verification of the proposed approaches. JEL Classification: M31, M37, L81, O33.
integrated advertising management, brand-oriented marketing communications, digital marketing, digital environment, brand management, digital analytics, communication personalization
The state as a system of governance: institutional evolution, origin and paradox of the dual nature of power
The article examines the state as a governance system characterized by a dual nature that simultaneously preserves social order and reproduces institutional dysfunctions. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing complexity of public administration under conditions of political instability and institutional transformation. The research explains why the state, created to reduce the costs of anarchy and ensure collective security, often becomes a source of contradictions related to power and resource concentration. The purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical and empirical substantiation of the dual nature of the state through the integration of political philosophy, social contract theory, and institutional economics. The methodology combines comparative analysis, institutional and historical approaches, and political-economic interpretation, allowing the state to be examined both as a normative construct and as a mechanism of organized control. The findings demonstrate that classical social contract theories explain the legitimacy of the state, whereas institutional approaches reveal its operational logic as a system regulating authority and redistribution. The study proves that institutional contradictions are not accidental but represent a stable feature of state evolution. Empirical observations, including the case of Ukraine, confirm that reforms reduce certain dysfunctions while generating new administrative and political imbalances. The originality of the article lies in the development of an integrative analytical framework combining normative and institutional perspectives to explain the transformation of the state into a modern governance system. The practical significance of the research is related to public administration reform and improved accountability mechanisms. JEL Classification: B52, D73, H11, P16.
state, institutional evolution, governance, public administration, political economy, institutional dysfunctions, reforms
Justification of the development of the organization's administrative management system as an essential condition for increasing the efficiency of public administration
The results of the study substantiate conceptual and practical approaches to the development of the administrative management system of the organization using the example of interaction between state institutions, local governments and municipal enterprises. A number of systemic problems of the functioning of state institutions and municipal enterprises and specific challenges that local governments, which are responsible for the implementation of a significant part of public services, often face are identified. The article shows that these factors reduce the effectiveness of managerial decision-making and impede a rapid response to community problems. Functional and organizational challenges that determine the need for the transformation of administrative management are analyzed: fragmentation of processes, low level of coordination, limited transparency, lack of a single information base and a deficit of competencies in the field of digital management. A development model is proposed that combines process management methods, a risk-based approach and information and digital solutions (ERP, BPM, RPA, data analytics, GIS, open data). It is determined that in modern theory and practice, in the context of increasing requirements for transparency, accountability and efficiency of public administration and local self-government, a modern organization requires a holistic approach to building administrative management. Research has proven that municipal organizations that provide services to the population are especially dependent on quality management, because their activities directly affect the level of everyday comfort of residents. At the same time, digitalization opens up new opportunities, but also creates risks - from cybersecurity to unequal access to services. Areas for improving the regulatory and organizational field, human resources and information infrastructure, as well as criteria for assessing the effectiveness of transformation, are considered. Practical recommendations are aimed at state institutions, local governments and municipal organizations seeking to increase the efficiency, transparency and quality of management decisions through integrated administrative management with a digital component. JEL Classification: H11, M12, H83
organizational systems, digital transformation, administrative management, change management, modernization of public administration
Comparative analysis of digital project management tools: smart analytics as a selection criterion
The article develops and tests a method for smart-analytical assessment of digital project management tools as a basis for supporting managerial decisions when selecting a PM platform under digital transformation conditions. The purpose of the study is to compare seven widely used PM tools, namely Jira, Asana, Monday.com, ClickUp, Trello, Notion and MS Project, by their capacity to support data-driven project management. The methodology is based on the Weighted Sum Model applied to seven criteria of smart-analytical capability: analytics and reporting, AI functionality, data visualization, predictive analytics, integrations, metric customization and real-time monitoring. The stability of the results is tested through sensitivity analysis under four weighting scenarios and additionally verified by TOPSIS. The findings show a substantial differentiation of PM tools by smart-analytical capabilities, with WSM scores ranging from 2.40 to 4.70. Three groups of platforms are identified: powerful tools, balanced tools and basic tools. The rankings obtained by WSM and TOPSIS coincide, indicating the internal consistency of the proposed assessment procedure. The practical value of the study lies in offering organizations a reproducible basis for selecting project management software according to the analytical needs of teams, business scale and project complexity. The originality of the study consists in treating smart-analytical capability as an independent criterion for choosing PM platforms and combining WSM, scenario sensitivity analysis and TOPSIS within one evaluation framework. JEL Classification: M15, O32, C80, L86
project management, smart analytics, digital management tools, Weighted Sum Model, multi-criteria decision-making, TOPSIS, comparative analysis, digital transformation
Analysis of effective property management of economic entities during the period of martial state in Ukraine: building a risk management system
The article is devoted to the formation of new scientific and practical solutions for building a risk management model for effective management of property of business entities during the period of martial law. It is established that the modern risk management mechanism in Ukraine operates under conditions of double and extremely intense pressure, which determines its unprecedented transformation. An analysis of the features of risk management under martial law is conducted. The main provisions of the procedure for providing partial compensation for the value of property of business entities destroyed or damaged as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, as well as partial compensation for insurance premiums under insurance contracts against war risks, have been studied. The practical implementation of the procedure for providing partial compensation for the value of property has been proven. The positive and negative consequences of participating in the compensation program have been established. The types of risks of martial law in Ukraine that can be attributed specifically to the management of property of a business entity have been identified. A practical risk management system for effective management of the entity's property has been formed. The article aims is to develop practical recommendations for effective management of the property of a legal entity during martial law in Ukraine, as well as to build a risk management system. Methodology: A complex of general scientific and specialized methods was used at the theoretical and empirical levels, such as: synergistic to better understand the various processes of property management of business entities during martial law; communicative approach to determine the interaction of business entities and PJSC "Export Credit Agency"; method of systematization, grouping and logical generalization to determine the object of research and develop practical recommendations for preventing property risks, as well as to generalize and systematize conclusions and proposals; comparative assistance in the study of theoretical aspects of risk management. The article uses methods of logical generalization and scientific abstraction to identify key issues of effective property management of a legal entity during martial law in Ukraine, methods of analysis and synthesis helped in the study of the components of property management of a business entity, in a single relationship of all elements. Results: Practical recommendations have been developed for effective property management of business entities during the period of martial law in Ukraine, and a model of a risk management system has been built to minimize the negative impact of the above-mentioned period. JEL Classification: L 29, K 11
risk management, legal entity, business risks, martial law, property, risk management system
Effective leadership under the conditions of globalization of international transportation
The article examines the features of effective leadership under the conditions of globalization of international transportation. Current trends in the development of the international transport and logistics industry are analyzed, and the key challenges arising from globalization processes, digitalization, increasing competition, and geopolitical instability are identified. The role of leadership as an important factor in ensuring effective management of international transport companies and maintaining their competitiveness in the global market is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of modern leadership styles, including transformational and adaptive leadership, which contribute to improving the effectiveness of managerial decision-making, personnel development, and the adaptation of enterprises to changes in the external environment. The main leadership competencies necessary for the successful functioning of transport enterprises in the international environment are determined. The study concludes that there is a need to implement innovative management approaches and develop leadership potential within the system of international transportation. JEL Classification: F15, L91, M12, M14, O33.
leadership, management, international transportation, globalization, transport logistics, personnel management, transformational leadership, international management, competitiveness, digitalization
Digitalization of the agricultural sector as a tool for ensuring Ukraine's food security
The article examines the role of digitalization of the agricultural sector as a tool for ensuring Ukraine's food security under martial law and post-war recovery. The authors analyze the implementation level of key digital technologies, GPS navigation, precision farming, IoT, Big Data, drones, and ERP/MES systems, in comparison with the average indicators of EU countries. Based on the dynamics of digitalization indicators for 2020-2025, a trend of accelerated development of the AgriTech market and a persistent unevenness of digital transformation between large agroholdings and small farms is identified. Using Global Food Security Index (GFSI) data, the impact of digitalization on the components of food security is assessed: physical and economic affordability, quality and safety of nutrition, as well as the sustainability and adaptability of the food system. A SWOT analysis of agricultural digitalization is conducted, allowing for the systematization of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The international experience of digital transformation of agricultural production is summarized, and prospects for its adaptation to Ukraine are determined. It is established that digital technologies generate a comprehensive positive effect: increasing yields, reducing costs, and optimizing resource use. It is concluded that the effectiveness of digital transformation in the agricultural sector depends on comprehensive state policy, infrastructure development, bridging the digital divide between different types of farms, and international investment support. JEL Classification: Q18, O33, Q16, O52
digitalization, food security, agricultural sector, precision agriculture, AgriTech, IoT, Big Data, smart farming, GFSI
Artificial intelligence in business organization management: benefits and challenges
This study explores the specific features of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into the management of business organizations through a comparative perspective, focusing on both international practices and the Ukrainian context. The study aims to analyse and evaluate the key opportunities and potential challenges that arise in the implementation of AI systems in strategic and operational management processes, as well as to substantiate priority directions for developing an effective management model capable of ensuring a significant increase in productivity, adaptive flexibility, organizational resilience, and strategic competitiveness of modern business organizations under the dynamic conditions of the digital economy. The advantages of applying artificial intelligence in business management processes are analysed across three key dimensions: strategic management, operational efficiency, and human capital development. Drawing on examples from global and Ukrainian companies, the study demonstrates the role of AI in optimizing financial decision-making, logistics, and HR processes. Particular attention is given to the transformation of the managerial role – from performing routine control functions to enhancing managerial cognition, where AI is positioned not as a substitute for human decision-makers but as a strategic advisor that enables the transition to proactive management. It is argued that the use of intelligent systems constitutes a critical tool for strengthening organizational competitiveness while simultaneously requiring a systematic assessment of associated risks and challenges. The study concludes that sustainable competitive advantage is formed not merely through the adoption of technology itself, but through an organization’s capacity to strategically manage emerging opportunities and threats by adapting organizational structures and implementing hybrid management models (Human-in-the-Loop). Such models ensure the integration of the analytical capabilities of AI algorithms with human intuition and ethical responsibility, thereby providing a foundation for the long-term viability of business organizations. JEL Classification: O33, M15, D83
artificial intelligence, business organization, strategic and operational management, digital economy
Automation, digitalization and digital transformation: differentiation of change levels in the management logic of entrepreneurial structures
Purpose – to substantiate the conceptual differentiation of automation, digitalization, and digital transformation as qualitatively different levels of changes in the management logic of entrepreneurial structures, and to prove that digital transformation is a factor of paradigm shift in management – from an administrative-control to an analytical-coordination model. Design/methodology/approach – the methodological basis comprises systemic and evolutionary approaches; the conceptual support relies on the theory of dynamic capabilities and the concept of digital transformation as business-model change. Critical and comparative analysis, synthesis, theoretical generalization, and abstraction were applied; illustrative verification was carried out through international indices of digital development (Digital Adoption Index, IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking, AI Maturity Ranking 2025) and the practice of Ukrainian enterprises. Findings – three criteria-markers of differentiation between levels of digital change are proposed (change in decision-making, in coordination architecture, and in value proposition); the three-dimensional nature of digital transformation is substantiated (technological, managerial, strategic dimensions); an author's matrix of the impact of digital change levels on six basic management functions is developed (planning, organization, coordination, control, decision-making, manager's role). Practical implications – the proposed matrix serves as a diagnostic tool for assessing the actual level of digital changes at a specific enterprise and helps to avoid "imitation transformation". Originality/value – for the first time, the differentiation of three levels of digital change is proposed by a managerial rather than a technological criterion; the author's matrix is developed as an analytical framework for diagnosing the actual level of digital changes in entrepreneurial structures. JEL Classification: M15, L26, O32, O33.
digital transformation; automation; digitalization; management logic; entrepreneurial structures; data-driven management; management models
Strategic management of corporate financial security in a climate of economic uncertainty in the US
This study is devoted to an in-depth analysis of the strategic management of corporate financial security in the context of the ongoing economic uncertainty observed in the United States. The relevance of the topic stems from the high level of economic risks arising from dynamic market changes, exchange rate fluctuations and political factors that affect corporate stability in unstable economic conditions. In this context, O. Likhota’s approach is used as the theoretical and applied basis for the study, enabling the integration of financial security assessment with strategic management decision-making, which is critical for ensuring the effective functioning of enterprises. The study employs a range of methods for financial analysis, strategic planning and risk assessment, including analytical and statistical tools that provide a comprehensive picture of enterprises’ financial condition. A detailed analysis has been conducted of internal and external threats that may adversely affect the financial stability of enterprises, as well as an assessment of their financial condition, which is necessary for formulating sound management decisions based on the integration of the data obtained into a strategic management system. The study confirmed the effectiveness of a comprehensive financial security management strategy, which includes assessing the financial condition of enterprises, analysing threats, and selecting preventive, corrective and adaptive strategies for responding to potential risks. Using this approach makes it possible to significantly improve an enterprise’s adaptability to changing market conditions, base management decisions on reliable data, and ensure long-term financial stability. The research findings are of considerable practical significance for managers, financial analysts and business owners, as they provide the opportunity to systematically manage financial risks, integrate analytical data into the decision-making process and ensure the effective adaptation of the business to economic uncertainty, which, in turn, contributes to enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises in the market. JEL Classification: G 32, M 10, D 81.
strategic management, financial security, economic uncertainty, risk assessment, enterprise adaptability, USA
Modeling and forecasting of non-performing loans indicators in the risk management system of the banking sector
To develop and test a scientific-methodological approach to the analysis, mathematical smoothing and medium-term forecasting of NPL dynamics in the Ukrainian banking system under conditions of economic instability and wartime uncertainty. The study aims to identify long-term trends in credit portfolio quality and assess future changes in the level of non-performing loans.. Design/methodology/approach. The research is based on monthly data of the National Bank of Ukraine for January 2006 – February 2026 across five banking groups. Moving average and exponential smoothing methods were applied to eliminate short-term fluctuations and identify stable trends. Comparative and structural analysis methods were also used to evaluate changes in NPL indicators during different economic periods. Findings. The study identifies the main macroeconomic and regulatory determinants influencing NPL dynamics. Structural breaks caused by changes in the NBU methodology and the nationalisation of PrivatBank were detected. The results indicate a gradual stabilisation of the banking sector despite wartime risks. According to the forecast, the system-wide NPL ratio may stabilise at 22.4% by February 2027. Research limitations. The model is based on simple exponential smoothing and does not account for non-linear relationships, external shocks or additional macroeconomic variables that may affect borrower solvency and credit risk dynamics. Originality/value. The paper proposes an adapted approach to NPL analysis under wartime conditions in Ukraine. The methodology may be used for internal bank risk management, monitoring credit portfolio quality and macroprudential supervision. JEL Classification: G21, G28, C22, E44.
non-performing loans, risk management, exponential smoothing, macroeconomic forecasting, banking supervision, financial stability
Analysis of the short video platforms as key elements of the modern global economy
This article presents an analysis of short video platforms as key elements of the modern global digital economy, which is the object of research. The study covers regional features of their distribution, economic models, and market potential. The article examines the current leading platforms. The subject of the research is statistical data on the activities of short video platforms. The aim of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the leading short video platforms for 2020-2025 in different countries of the world from the standpoint of their popularity, role in the global digital economy and related ethical issues. Attention is paid to the use of certain platforms in countries such as the USA, Germany, Ukraine, Japan, China. It is also noted that during martial law in Ukraine, there is an increase in local content by 40% and a reorientation towards security and emotional support. It was found that the expert forecast of the global market indicates a 12.4% increase in the profitability of this sector of the economy, with monetization through advertising by 40% and social commerce in China by 73%. Companies use such business models as algorithmic personalization, revenue sharing, and e-commerce integration. The authors of the article draw attention to ethical challenges. The study concluded that it is necessary to moderate content, remove algorithmic toxicity, ensure child protection and the moral safety of consumers of short videos, and also introduce data verification. The research methodology is a comparative analysis of open statistical data, scientific articles, and market forecasts. Key areas of further development have been identified, such as the development of transparent algorithms, rules for influencers, and ethical monetization. The results obtained are intended to help marketers, regulators, and researchers make strategic decisions in the digital economy. The scientific significance of the study lies in the systematization of data and the identification of ethical risks of short video platforms. The value of the study lies in the fact that the conclusions of the work can be implemented for the localization of Ukrainian content and the protection of users in crisis situations. The prospects of the research lie in further collection of information, development of specific actions and algorithms to ensure social responsibility and safe content for consumers. JEL Classification: F63, L82, M31, O33.
global economy, strategy, short video platform, demand, comparative analysis, innovation, content ethics, social responsibility, digital commerce
An integrated post-war marketing strategy for tourism development in the de-occupied territories of Ukrainian regions
The relevance of this article lies in the fact that the implementation of the philosophy and methodology of marketing in the development of tourism in de-occupied territories can ensure their effective functioning under conditions of intense competition and the adverse consequences of war. The purpose of the article is to systematize and substantiate the scientific and methodological foundations and principles for developing an integrated post-war marketing strategy for tourism development in the de-occupied territories of Ukraine, based on the creation and promotion of a territorial tourism brand. The subject of the study is the paradigm of sustainable development of the tourism system, understood as a dynamic process of successive positive post-war transformations. The proposed marketing mechanisms for post-war tourism development in de-occupied regional territories are based on a synthesis of best tourism practices, are comprehensive in nature, and cover all elements of the tourism marketing mix, partnership marketing, and place branding. The integrated approach focuses on both internal and external target audiences and offers a set of specific characteristics and instruments. The measures developed within this framework are aimed at increasing the tourist attractiveness of de-occupied territories, creating conditions for entrepreneurial activity, improving population welfare, restoring tourism infrastructure and resources, and strengthening the competitive position of regions in the interregional division of labor in the tourism sector. The results are recommended for use by central and local authorities of Ukraine, tourism development agencies, stakeholders, and other interested parties in designing and implementing strategies for tourism and regional development in de-occupied territories. JEL Classification: L83, M31, R11, O18, O19
de-occupied territories; region; strategy; tourism; marketing; war; development
Digital marketing impact on consumer purchasing decisions: insights from the FMCG sector in Mthatha
This study investigated the impact of digital marketing on consumer purchasing decisions within the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector in Mthatha, South Africa. The research aimed to identify the most effective digital marketing channels, analyse key factors influencing consumer behaviour, and understand barriers to digital marketing adoption in a semi-urban context. A quantitative research design was employed using a descriptive survey method. The study targeted consumers aged 18 and above who regularly purchase FMCG products in Mthatha. A non-probability convenience sampling approach was adopted due to geographic constraints, resulting in a sample size of 100 respondents. Data was collected through structured questionnaires distributed both online and offline to ensure inclusivity. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS to examine relationships between digital marketing exposure and purchasing behaviour. The findings reveal that platforms such as Facebook, TikTok, and YouTube are the most influential in shaping consumer decisions, with promotions and user reviews identified as the most impactful content types. Influencer marketing also emerged as a key driver of trust and engagement. The study highlights infrastructural challenges, including limited internet access and high data costs, which hinder full adoption of digital marketing. Key recommendations include prioritizing social media platforms, leveraging influencer collaborations, and integrating promotional content and user reviews into marketing strategies. Furthermore, businesses should adopt hybrid marketing approaches and invest in digital literacy initiatives to enhance consumer engagement. JEL Classification: M31, M37, D12.
consumer purchasing decisions, digital marketing, FMCG sector, influencer marketing, social media platforms
Service quality in the healthcare sector: the role of strategic human resources planning
The study evaluated the influence of strategic human resources planning on service quality in selected healthcare organizations in Benin City, Nigeria. Specifically, it examined how succession planning, focused learning and development, and workforce audits influenced service quality in the healthcare sector. The study utilized a cross-sectional research design executed through a survey involving a sample of 275 respondents. This sample was derived from 860 employees being the total population of the three participating healthcare organizations purposively selected for the study. The research instrument was a well structured instrument designed in the Likert scale format. The validity of the instrument was assured through face and content validation techniques, while the reliability was assured through the Cronbach alpha statistic test, which yielded alpha values greater than 0.70 acceptable reliability value threshold for empirical studies. Three hypotheses in alignment with the study objectives were raised and tested using simple linear regression analysis, and at 5% level of significance. The findings revealed that succession planning, focused learning and development and workforce audits all had significant influence on service quality improvements in the sampled health organizations. The study concluded that the strategic human resource planning components examined positively influenced service quality in the healthcare organizations. It was recommended among other things that healthcare organizations should ensure continued policies and initiatives that support succession planning and uphold systematic, well-structured, focused learning and development programmes for employees to improve their service quality. JEL Classification: M10, M11, M30.
strategic human resource planning, succession planning, focused learning and development, workforce audits and service quality
Digital intelligence as a factor in the formation of organizational digital competitiveness
Today, the rapid digitalization of the world economy significantly transforms the approaches to forming competitive advantages of organizations. Until recently, the key factors for the success of entrepreneurial activity were its material elements and quick access to capital, however, at the current stage of development, one of the main roles has begun to be played by the ability of an organization to work with all elements of the digital ecosystem and successfully integrate them into all processes.In this context, the issue of understanding "digital intelligence" as an essential characteristic of an organization that determines its market position in the digital competitive environment becomes particularly relevant. In scientific research, digitalization is often viewed as a technological process of implementing information systems, but insufficient attention is paid to management tools for transforming digital potential into sustainable economic effects. Thus, digital competitiveness cannot be viewed only through the prism of the existing IT infrastructure, because its provision requires a complex integration of technological, analytical, managerial and cultural forces into a single intellectual business architecture. The article proposes the author's interpretation of digital intelligence, differentiates its structural components, and presents their synergy in the process of transition from the initial digital base to the final level of digital maturity. It is demonstrated that digital intelligence is the key, transformational stage that ensures the transformation of digitalization from a point and limited in scale process into a strategic factor of development. A conceptual model of digital competitiveness formation is proposed, within which the levels of logic of transition from the creation of basic IT infrastructure to the achievement of sustainable market advantages and adaptability are shown. It is substantiated that the development of digital intelligence directly affects the growth of financial indicators of the enterprise, for example, operational efficiency, profitability and margin. It is concluded that in the conditions of the digital economy, it is the level of development of digital intelligence that determines the strategic stability and long-term competitiveness of the organization. JEL classification: O33, M15, L25.
digital intelligence, digital competitiveness, digital transformation, data-driven management, strategic development, competitive advantages
Research and evolution of the semantics of the "digital competencies" category in organizations
This article aims to examine the theoretical basis of the semantics of the category of “digital competencіes”, to trace the evolution of views on understanding this concept, and to outline distinctive approaches and features in the authors’ scientific works related to the interpretation of the phenomenon under study. The paper employs an analysis, synthesis, and comparison of content through the lens of three focuses – the research, regulatory, and applied fields. The latter is due to the need to take into account the peculiarities of organisations' activities, and to further develop the categorical and conceptual apparatus that addresses urgent challenges and opportunities in the digital era. It was found that, in the research field, the term is used in the singular as a set of relevant structural elements; in the regulatory and applied fields, in the plural, as an integral ability with a special focus on the use of digital tools. Based on the obtained results, we suggest that the given phenomenon has a multifaceted nature that can be studied holistically using the three outlined focuses. The article justifies the need to use the term "digital competencу" when it comes to its use by organisations, in the plural, as a support for the legal and scientific unification of domestic achievements with generally recognised international frameworks and research. As a result of the analysis, the category of "digital competencies" is defined as a complex and dynamic system of knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes of employees of the organisation that arises when using digital tools, producing digital content, and interacting with the latest digital models and technologies. JEL Classification: M12, M15, O15.
digital competencies, digital competency, competencies
Adaptive management of a machine-building enterprise under martial law
The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of an adaptive management system of a machine-building enterprise under martial law and to develop an integral indicator for assessing the level of its adaptability using the case of JSC “Motor Sich”. Methodology. The research is based on a systemic and structural approach to the analysis of adaptive management under conditions of military and economic instability. Methods of theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, formalization, and integral assessment were applied. The study identifies key external transformations affecting industrial enterprises, including market, financial, logistical, institutional, personnel, security, and technological risks. An integral adaptability index is constructed as a weighted sum of normalized values of seven functional indicators reflecting strategic flexibility, financial sustainability, risk management efficiency, organizational mobility, personnel adaptability, digital maturity, and production flexibility. Findings. It is substantiated that martial law significantly reshapes the external environment of machine-building enterprises, increasing uncertainty and systemic vulnerability. Adaptability acquires a multidimensional and integrated character, combining mechanisms of strategic response, financial stabilization, risk control, organizational restructuring, and digital transformation. The proposed methodology enables quantitative measurement of enterprise adaptability and provides a structured interpretation scale for evaluating its level. Originality. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a comprehensive model for measuring enterprise adaptability under martial law, integrating strategic, financial, organizational, digital, and production dimensions into a single integral index with justified weighting coefficients. Practical implications. The proposed assessment tool can be applied for strategic control and monitoring of managerial effectiveness at machine-building enterprises, particularly in the case of JSC “Motor Sich”. The model contributes to strengthening organizational resilience and creating a foundation for post-war recovery and sustainable development. JEL Classification: L23, M21, D81, O32
adaptive management; enterprise adaptability; martial law; machine-building enterprise; integral index
Digital transformation management of SMES in Ukraine under martial law
The purpose of this article is to explore the current state and key barriers to digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ukraine under conditions of full-scale war. It analyses the impact of security, financial, human resource, and infrastructure constraints on firms’ capacity for technological renewal, highlighting that limited access to capital, skilled workforce shortages, and high uncertainty significantly narrow the planning horizon for Ukrainian SMEs. Methodology: The study relies on desk research, official statistics, policy documents, and international as well as national indices of digital maturity to identify structural factors that shape the pace and direction of SME digitalisation. Particular attention is paid to the paradoxical combination of high public sector digitalisation and relatively low average digital maturity of SMEs, which produces an asymmetric environment of opportunities and constraints. Findings of the study reveals that state digital ecosystems such as Diia and Diia.Business function as instrumental support platforms that reduce transaction costs, expand access to financial and advisory instruments, and facilitate the formalisation and scaling of entrepreneurial activity. On this basis, the paper conceptualises hybrid digital infrastructure as a core element of digital resilience that integrates cloud services, backup connectivity channels, and autonomous power systems to support business continuity under conditions of physical, cyber, and energy insecurity. The empirical generalisations allow the authors to systematise typical strategies of wartime digital adaptation for Ukrainian SMEs, including step-by-step digital transformation, intensive use of state e-services, development of digital competences within firms, and risk-oriented investments with short payback periods. JEL Classification: O32, O33, L26, L53
digital transformation, small and medium‑sized enterprises; digital maturity, digital resilience, hybrid digital infrastructure, Diia.Business, martial law, SME adaptation strategies
Formation of regional competitive advantages in the context of territorial and digital marketing
The article explores the formation of competitive advantages of regions within the conditions of economic transformation and the growing influence of digital technologies. It emphasizes that regional competitiveness is increasingly determined not only by traditional resource factors but also by the capacity of territories to design, position, and communicate a coherent value proposition to diverse stakeholder groups. In this context, marketing-oriented governance emerges as a strategic component of regional development. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of integrating territorial and digital marketing as complementary instruments for strengthening regional competitiveness. The subject of the study encompasses the mechanisms, strategic effects, and management implications associated with the application of marketing approaches in regional policy. The methodological framework is based on comparative analysis, structural-functional decomposition, and the synthesis of interdisciplinary concepts derived from regional economics, marketing, and digital transformation studies. Systemic analysis is applied to identify interdependencies between territorial branding, digital communication channels, stakeholder perception, and socio-economic outcomes. The findings indicate that sustainable regional competitive advantages depend on the strategic alignment of territorial identity with digital interaction environments. The integration of territorial and digital marketing produces synergy effects reflected in reputational strengthening, enhanced investment attractiveness, and deeper stakeholder engagement. Simultaneously, the study reveals that institutional, organizational, and coordination constraints reduce the effectiveness of fragmented marketing initiatives. The originality and value of the research consist in the development of an integrative conceptual framework explaining the combined impact of territorial and digital marketing on regional competitiveness. Practical implications relate to the formulation of coordinated regional policies prioritizing governance coherence, digital analytics, and long-term brand management. The conceptual orientation of the study defines its limitations and suggests directions for future empirical validation. JEL Classification: R11, M31, L86, O33.
regional competitiveness, territorial marketing, digital marketing, place branding, regional development, digital transformation
Systemic aspects of ensuring the efficiency of sitilogistics
The article presents a systematic analysis of the key challenges of the international road freight market, which determine the current conditions for the functioning of logistics providers. It is substantiated that the increased complexity of organizing international road freight causes the emergence of multifactorial problems that affect the effectiveness of logistics providers and reduce the stability of cargo delivery processes. Particular attention is paid to the study of destabilizing factors associated with vehicle downtime, which lead to a decrease in the efficiency of freight forwarding operations and negatively affect the timeliness and reliability of cargo delivery within logistics supply chains. The purpose of the study is to analyze the key challenges in the international road freight market that affect the functioning of logistics providers, as well as to substantiate the directions for minimizing the negative impact of vehicle downtime on the processes of international road freight transportation in order to increase the operational efficiency of logistics providers. The study uses the method of a systems approach, which allowed considering international road freight transportation as an integral logistics system with interconnected elements, the methods of structural and functional analysis, comparison and generalization allow determining the impact of vehicle downtime on the efficiency of logistics providers, and also uses elements of the process approach and methods for optimizing management decisions in the field of transport logistics in order to substantiate organizational and logistical measures to increase the efficiency of logistics providers in conditions of vehicle downtime. It has been determined that the comprehensive application of organizational and logistical measures in road freight transportation, in particular the conclusion of application contracts between transportation participants with clear regulation of transportation conditions, detailed planning, coordination and control of all stages of the logistics process by logistics providers, as well as the development of alternative delivery routes, ensures increased efficiency in material flow management. The implementation of organizational and logistical measures contributes to the increase in the adaptability of logistics systems, their increased resistance to external influences and the strengthening of the competitive positions of companies in the logistics services market. At the same time, improving the organization of road freight transportation is a necessary condition for ensuring high quality logistics services. The implementation of organizational and logistical measures in the context of minimizing downtime increases the efficiency and reliability of logistics processes and can be effectively used in the activities of logistics providers. JEL Classification: R41, L91.
logistics, logistics provider, transport logistics, freight forwarding, international road freight, road transport, vehicle downtime, risk management
Effective personnel controlling and cost management
In the current landscape of global economic instability and rapid technological transformation, personnel costs have emerged as one of the most significant and volatile components of an enterprise's total expenditure structure. Traditional administrative approaches to human resource management often fail to provide the analytical depth required for sustainable financial health. Consequently, there is an urgent need for an integrated system of personnel controlling that bridges the gap between financial objectives and human capital development. This article addresses the theoretical foundations and practical implementation of controlling mechanisms designed to optimize labor-related expenses while enhancing overall organizational performance. The research utilizes a multidimensional methodological framework, incorporating systems analysis, functional modeling, and a comparative case study approach. By synthesizing contemporary management theories with empirical data from industrial enterprises, the study evaluates the nexus between strategic planning and operational monitoring of labor productivity and expenditure. The study redefines personnel controlling as a sophisticated internal planning and regulatory system that transforms high-level corporate strategies into actionable HR initiatives. The author identifies and details four primary functional domains: the information-support function (creating a robust analytical database), the planning function (forecasting qualitative and quantitative labor needs), the directive function (developing corrective measures for negative trends), and the control-analytical function (verifying performance against strategic benchmarks). A significant portion of the research is dedicated to the bifurcation of controlling into strategic and operational levels. Strategic controlling focuses on aligning human potential with long-term business scaling and innovation, while operational controlling targets tactical efficiency and the immediate optimization of the payroll fund. Through the analysis of a practical case study involving a meat-processing facility, the article demonstrates that non-punitive measures-such as the introduction of flexible work arrangements and the mitigation of «unproductive time» – yield superior results in cost reduction compared to traditional disciplinary sanctions. Furthermore, the research highlights the imperative of digital transformation, advocating for integrated information-accounting systems that automate payroll management, training investments, and recruitment analytics. The findings confirm that effective personnel controlling is not merely a cost-cutting tool but a vital strategic system that ensures economic resilience. The transition from viewing personnel as a «cost center» to treating them as a «strategic asset» is facilitated by the integration of quantitative financial metrics with qualitative socio-psychological assessments. Ultimately, the implementation of an automated, flexible controlling system allows enterprises to optimize their budgets without compromising employee motivation or workplace culture, thereby securing a long-term competitive advantage in the marketplace. JEL Classification: M12, M54, J24.
personnel controlling, human capital management, labor cost optimization, strategic HR planning, operational efficiency, HR analytics, digital HR systems, labor productivity, social-psychological climate
Marketing opportunities in the system of ensuring FMCG business sustainability in modern conditions: conceptual and applied aspects
The modern business environment is characterized by high uncertainty, demand turbulence, logistical constraints, changing consumer priorities, and intensifying competition. Under such conditions, the resilience of an enterprise increasingly depends not only on “protective” anti-crisis solutions, but also on the ability to systematically identify and monetize opportunities arising from changes. The article substantiates the use of opportunity marketing as a management approach that enhances business resilience in conditions of uncertainty and military challenges. The relevance of the topic is due to the importance of the FMCG segment for the economy of Ukraine, as everyday goods support the continuity of consumption, employment in supply chains, and food security. The purpose of the study is to form an applied framework for opportunity marketing in the system of ensuring sustainability and to determine the directions of its application using the example of TM “Khlibodar” (HD-Group), which combines multi-channel sales with export activities. The empirical base of the case reflects the scale of the brand portfolio (over 120 items) and the international orientation of the company (exports to over 20 countries, the share of exports in sales is 30–33%), which allows us to consider market diversification as a risk reduction tool. Methodologically, a systematic approach, analysis of marketing policy, generalization of sales and channel data, as well as PEST analysis for the selection of foreign markets and assessment of regulatory and logistical factors have been used. A five-stage opportunity management cycle has been proposed, which translates market signals into proven solutions and their institutionalization in the company's processes, and the connection between the sensory, entrepreneurial and transformational functions of opportunity marketing and sustainability indicators has been shown. The practical significance of the results lies in the recommendations for FMCG companies regarding portfolio adaptation, channel and market diversification, strengthening digital communications and implementing Opportunity-KPIs that reflect product availability, partnership reliability and export contract stability. The findings can also be used to increase the competitiveness of everyday demand brands and reduce their vulnerability to environmental shocks. JEL Classification: M31, M16, F23, L66
opportunity marketing, business sustainability, marketing policy, 4P adaptation, FMCG segment
The method for evaluating driver performance in freight carriers organizatios considering risk and uncertainty factors
The article develops a method for evaluating the performance of road transport vehicle (RTV) drivers in carrier organizations and logistics providers, taking into account the variability of performance outcomes under conditions of risk and uncertainty. The theoretical foundation of the study is the concept of statistical thinking and the provisions of Deming’s management theory regarding the distinction between random and non-random variability of process outcomes. The expediency of abandoning deterministic normative values of personnel performance indicators is substantiated, and an approach to their interpretation based on statistical characteristics and control limits is proposed. The paper constructs a structural model for forming a system of indicators for evaluating RTV drivers’ performance that accounts for the heterogeneity of transportation conditions across different trip types. An approach to identifying and quantitatively measuring evaluation indicators is proposed based on the relative number of driver errors in specific types of transport operations using Shewhart control charts. Recommendations are developed for interpreting the obtained results from the standpoint of managing random and non-random variability, as well as for forming individual learning and development trajectories for personnel. The practical application of the proposed method creates prerequisites for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of managerial decision-making in logistics personnel management, ensures more substantiated motivation of RTV drivers, and promotes the dissemination of positive management practices in organizations providing freight transport services. JEL Classification: M12, M54, L92, D81.
personnel performance evaluation, road transport vehicle drivers, logistics personnel, performance variability, statistical thinking, Deming’s management theory, risk and uncertainty
HR management in the international air transport management system: essence, structure and development priorities
The article is devoted to the study of the role and place of HR management in the international air transportation management system in the context of global challenges and post-crisis recovery of the industry. The relevance of the topic is determined by the critical dependence of the efficiency, safety and competitiveness of airlines on the quality of human capital, which requires a rethinking of approaches to personnel management in this high-tech and international sphere. The purpose of the study is the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the role of HR management in the international air transportation management system and the development of practical recommendations for improving the staffing of airlines in the context of post-crisis recovery of the industry. The subject of the study is the organizational, economic and managerial relations that arise in the process of formation, development and implementation of the personnel potential of enterprises in the field of international air transportation, as well as the set of methods, tools and mechanisms of HR management aimed at ensuring the efficiency, safety and competitiveness of airlines in the global market. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach to the analysis of HR management as an integral component of the overall international air transportation management system. The work employs methods of structural-logical and comparative analysis, which made it possible to identify the sectoral specifics of personnel management and outline the vectors of its development. As a result of the study, the essence of HR management in the system of international air transportation is revealed as an integrated mechanism for ensuring personnel security and competitiveness of airlines. The structure of personnel management is defined, which includes subsystems for the formation, development, motivation and preservation of human capital, taking into account the specifics of the aviation industry (high professional risks, international certification, multiculturalism). JEL Classification: M12, L93, M16, J24.
HR management, personnel management, international air transportation, aviation industry, human capital, management structure, development priorities, personnel security, competitiveness of airlines
Transformation of the enterprise risk management paradigm in Ukraine under martial law
The article examines the transformation of the management paradigm and enterprise risk management system in Ukraine under conditions of martial law. It substantiates the declining effectiveness of traditional risk management approaches formed within a relatively stable socio-economic environment and proves the necessity of transitioning toward an adaptive managerial paradigm focused on ensuring enterprise viability and operational continuity. The study identifies key groups of risks that have gained critical importance during wartime, including security, logistics, energy, human resources, and market risks. An approach to formalizing strategic decision-making within the risk management system is proposed based on the application of integral indices of external military threat and internal resource resilience of enterprises. This approach enables the aggregation of heterogeneous risk factors and enhances the rationality and consistency of managerial decisions. Based on the combination of these indices, an algorithm for positioning enterprises within a two-dimensional “threat–resilience” space is developed, and the logic of selecting appropriate management strategies depending on index values is substantiated. An original risk management strategy selection matrix is proposed, combining the level of external military threat and internal resource resilience, which allows distinguishing four basic business behavior scenarios: hibernation, survival, relocation, and growth. The study demonstrates that applying a differentiated, indicator-oriented approach to risk management ensures alignment between threat levels, enterprise resource capabilities, and strategic managerial decisions. Overall, the integration of the proposed mechanisms into enterprise management systems contributes to mitigating the negative effects of hostilities, preserving assets, and creating prerequisites for sustainable enterprise functioning and post-war economic recovery. JEL Classification: D81, G32, L21, M21, H56.
risk management, martial law, enterprise resilience, economic security, adaptive strategies, crisis management
Features of renewable energy project management in the context of implementing sustainable practices
In the context of the need to implement a sustainable development strategy, the renewable energy sector in Ukraine deserves special attention. It is one of the promising areas for ensuring economic security and energy independence for our country, alongside environmental security, job creation, and raising the financial level, among others. The task of ensuring effective management of renewable energy projects is not only relevant but also economically justified. In the work, renewable energy projects are considered as a means of implementing a sustainable development strategy In accordance with the "National Report "Sustainable Development Goals: Ukraine" until 2030", "Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period until 2030", the Law on the "green tariff", etc., the state sets goals for the stimulation and development of alternative energy sources, including renewable energy. The purpose of the work is to examine and characterize the distinctive features of renewable energy projects, as well as to identify the problems and peculiarities of managing such projects. The scientific novelty lies in the systematization of the features of renewable energy projects as a specific management object and in the identification of key problems and factors that determine the specifics of managing such projects in modern conditions. As part of the study: the analysis of the works of domestic and foreign scientists and researchers in the field of alternative energy project management was performed and the problems of such management were identified; the main types of renewable energy projects and their characteristics, which are presented within the categories, were considered; the distinctive features of renewable energy projects and the features of their management were highlighted; it was determined that renewable energy projects are very dependent on a large number of stakeholders and the uncertainties associated with them; further research should be directed to studying the impact of stakeholders on the effectiveness of renewable energy project management. The results obtained deepen the theoretical foundations of project management and create a basis for increasing the efficiency of project implementation in the field of renewable energy. JEL Classification: R41, Q01, Q56, O18, L91.
project management, sustainable development, energy industry, alternative energy, renewable energy projects
Financial inclusion and poverty reduction among small and medium enterprises in Tanzania: moderating role of digital capability
The study examined the impact of financial inclusion on poverty reduction among small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owners in Tanzania. Specifically, its purpose was to evaluate the effects of access to financial institutions, savings accounts, loan services, and automated teller machines (ATMs) on poverty alleviation outcomes. Additionally, the study has investigated the moderating role of digital capabilities–including digital infrastructure, information management, analytics, operational efficiency, and transformational capacity–in clarifying the relationship between financial inclusion and poverty reduction. The study adopted a cross-sectional explanatory research design grounded in a deductive approach and employed survey techniques for data collection. The multistage, stratified, and simple random sampling procedure was used to select a sample of 381 SME owners across five regions: Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Arusha, Mbeya, and Mtwara. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, and hierarchical regression analysis. Findings: Financial inclusion–measured by access to financial institutions, savings accounts, loan services, and ATMs–had a positive and statistically significant effect on poverty reduction among SME owners. Furthermore, digital capabilities were found to play a positive and significant moderating role in the relationship between financial inclusion and poverty reduction, strengthening the observed effects. However, among the financial inclusion components, only savings accounts demonstrated significant interaction effects with digital capabilities. Practical Implication: Owners of SMEs are encouraged to increase their use of savings accounts, loan services, and ATMs to enhance the effectiveness of financial inclusion initiatives in achieving poverty-reduction outcomes. Policymakers should strengthen financial inclusion by promoting the accessibility, availability, and reliability of financial institutions and related financial services, including savings accounts, loan facilities, and ATMs. Furthermore, both SME owners and financial institutions should prioritize the development and integration of digital capabilities to improve the efficiency and overall impact of financial inclusion strategies in alleviating poverty. Social Implications: Society should actively promote and utilize the key components of financial inclusion–namely, financial institutions, savings accounts, loan services, and ATMs–as mechanisms to advance poverty reduction efforts. Moreover, the adoption and use of digital financial services should be encouraged to further enhance the effectiveness of financial inclusion in alleviating poverty among SME owners in Tanzania. Originality: This study is the first to integrate Technology Acceptance Theory with Financial Intermediation Theory to provide a comprehensive explanation of how financial inclusion and digital capabilities jointly contribute to poverty reduction in developing countries. JEL Classification: G21, O16, L26, O55.
financial inclusion, financial institutions, savings accounts, loan services, Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Digital Capability, Poverty reduction, Tanzania
Evolution of leadership paradigms in the context of organizational development of the 21st century
The article examines the evolution of leadership paradigms in the context of organizational development in the 21st century. It analyzes the transformation of scholarly approaches from classical trait theories and behavioral models to contemporary concepts of transformational, authentic, servant, and emotionally intelligent leadership. Particular attention is paid to the impact of globalization, digitalization, the dynamics of the VUCA environment, and the growing role of human capital on the transformation of managerial practices. It is substantiated that modern leadership is viewed not merely as an individual characteristic of a manager but as a systemic organizational competence that ensures strategic flexibility, innovativeness, and resilience to external challenges. The study emphasizes the shift in focus from formal authority and administrative control to socio-psychological mechanisms of influence, trust-building, the development of organizational culture, and the enhancement of employee engagement. Methodological challenges in contemporary leadership research are also analyzed, including issues related to the measurement of leadership styles, the role of followership, and the phenomenon of the “dark side” of leadership. The interrelationship between the development of leadership competencies and the achievement of long-term organizational competitiveness is established. The expediency of integrating modern leadership paradigms into the practices of strategic management, human resource management, and organizational change is justified. The practical value of the study lies in the development of recommendations for implementing modern leadership models under conditions of digital transformation and global turbulence. The findings can be used in designing executive development programs, establishing systems for assessing leadership competencies, and improving organizational development models across various types of organizations. JEL Classification: M10, M12, M14, O15.
leadership, leadership paradigms, organizational development, transformational leadership, emotional intelligence, authentic leadership, service leadership, change management, organizational culture, digital environment