Management of profit distribution and utilization in a shipping company
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26661/2522-1566/2026-3/37-21Keywords:
shipping company, management, profit, financial resources, financial stability, investment activity, maritime transportationAbstract
Profit is one of the key integral indicators of an enterprise’s financial and economic performance, reflecting the efficiency of its operations and serving as an important source for further development. Rational distribution and utilization of profit are essential for maintaining the financial stability of an enterprise, developing its resource potential, financing investment activities, and safeguarding the economic interests of its owners. The effectiveness of profit management largely depends on the soundness of decisions regarding its distribution and areas of utilization, taking into account the specific characteristics of maritime transport, the high capital intensity of shipping, fluctuations in freight rates, and the level of operational and financial risks. The specific features of profit generation and utilization in shipping are determined by the high capital intensity of the industry, the significant costs associated with the acquisition, maintenance, and repair of vessels, the long payback period of investments, and the dependence of revenues on freight rates and the state of the global maritime transportation market. Financial performance is also affected by fluctuations in fuel prices, port charges, vessel maintenance costs, insurance expenses, crew costs, compliance with international environmental and safety requirements, as well as currency and geopolitical risks. Rational profit distribution involves balancing the company’s current financial needs, the formation of reserves, financing investment projects, fleet modernization and renewal, and ensuring the interests of owners. An important management task is to determine the optimal balance between profit consumption and capitalization, which makes it possible to maintain financial stability and create conditions for the long-term development of a shipping company. Particular importance is attached to developing a flexible profit distribution mechanism capable of adapting to changes in market conditions, financial performance, and the strategic priorities of the enterprise.
JEL: D 33, L 92, M 20.
References
1. Аналіз формування та використання прибутку підприємства. Економіка і бізнес: веб-сайт. URL: http://surl.li/pdhhhg
2. Chen, C., Hellmann, J., Berrang-Ford, L., Noble, I., and Regan, P. A global assessment of adaptation investment from the perspectives of equity and efficiency. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. V. 23, 2018. PP. 101–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-016-9731-y
3. Білик М.Д. Підвищення ефективності розподілу прибутку. Економіст. Київ: КНЕУ. 2018. С. 43 – 45
4. Господарський кодекс України від 16.01.2003 № 436-IV [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу : http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws/436-15
5. Про господарські товариства: Закон України від от 19.09.1991 № 1576-XII (зі змінами) [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1576-12
6. Про порядок бухгалтерського обліку окремих активів та операцій підприємств державного, комунального секторів економіки і господарських організацій, які володіють та/або користуються об'єктами державної, комунальної власності: Положення, затверджене Наказом Мінфіну від 19.12.06 № 1213 (зі змінами) [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1363-06
7. A.P. Moller - Maersk. Financial reports. [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: https://investor.maersk.com/financials/financial-reports
8. Fricaudet M., Baresic D., Vallejo L., Smith T. A broad range of revenue uses from shipping emission pricing can remove inequitable barriers to investment and address countries’ vulnerability. One Earth. V. 8, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101359
9. Rickman J., Kothari S., Larosa S., Ameli N. Investment Suitability and Path Dependency Perpetuate Inequity in International Mitigation Finance Towards Developing Countries. One Earth, V. 6, 2022. PP. 1304-1314. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4198507
10. Yildiz, B., Acikgoz, E., Oner, G. Financial Sustainability in the Maritime Industry: Sub-Sectoral Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Sustainability, V. 17(22), 2025. P. 10046. https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210046
11. Lim, K.-G., Lim, M. Financial performance of shipping firms that increase LNG carriers and the support of eco-innovation. Journal of Shipping and Trade, V. 5, 2020. P. 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072-020-00080-0
12. Peng, W., Bai, X. Prospects for improving shipping companies’ profit margins by quantifying operational strategies and market focus approach through AIS data. Transport Policy, V. 128, 2022. PP. 138–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.09.010
REFERENCES
Analiz formuvannia ta vykorystannia prybutku pidpryiemstva [Analysis of the Formation and Utilization of Enterprise Profit]. Ekonomika i biznes – Economics and Business. Retrieved from http://surl.li/pdhhhg [in Ukrainian].
Chen, C., Hellmann, J., Berrang-Ford, L., Noble, I., & Regan, P. (2018). A global assessment of adaptation investment from the perspectives of equity and efficiency. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 23, 101–122. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-016-9731-y
Bilyk, M. D. (2018). Pidvyshchennia efektyvnosti rozpodilu prybutku [Improving the efficiency of profit distribution]. Ekonomist, 43–45 [in Ukrainian].
Hospodarskyi kodeks Ukrainy [Commercial Code of Ukraine]. (2003, January 16). No. 436-IV. Retrieved from http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws/436-15 [in Ukrainian].
Pro hospodarski tovarystva: Zakon Ukrainy [On Business Companies: Law of Ukraine]. (1991, September 19). No. 1576-XII (as amended). Retrieved from http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1576-12 [in Ukrainian].
Pro poriadok bukhhalterskoho obliku okremykh aktyviv ta operatsii pidpryiemstv derzhavnoho, komunalnoho sektoriv ekonomiky i hospodarskykh orhanizatsii, yaki volodiiut ta/abo korystuiutsia obiektamy derzhavnoi, komunalnoi vlasnosti: Polozhennia [On the Procedure for Accounting for Certain Assets and Operations of State and Municipal Sector Enterprises and Business Organizations that Own and/or Use State or Municipal Property: Regulation]. (2006, December 19). Order of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine No. 1213 (as amended). Retrieved from http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1363-06 [in Ukrainian].
A.P. Moller - Maersk. (n.d.). Maersk. Retrieved from https://www.maersk.com/
Fricaudet, M., Baresic, D., Vallejo, L., & Smith, T. (2025). A broad range of revenue uses from shipping emission pricing can remove inequitable barriers to investment and address countries’ vulnerability. One Earth, 8. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101359
Rickman, J., Kothari, S., Larosa, S., & Ameli, N. (2022). Investment suitability and path dependency perpetuate inequity in international mitigation finance towards developing countries. One Earth, 6, 1304–1314. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4198507
Yildiz, B., Acikgoz, E., & Oner, G. (2025). Financial Sustainability in the Maritime Industry: Sub-Sectoral Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Sustainability, 17(22), 10046. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210046
Lim, K.-G., & Lim, M. (2020). Financial performance of shipping firms that increase LNG carriers and the support of eco-innovation. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 5, 23. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072-020-00080-0
Peng, W., & Bai, X. (2022). Prospects for improving shipping companies’ profit margins by quantifying operational strategies and market focus approach through AIS data. Transport Policy, 128, 138–152. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.09.010
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
