The impact of time slot management systems on drivers' working hours in logistics service providers' enterprises
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26661/2522-1566/2025-1/31-05Keywords:
driver's working hours, logistics service provider, client, time slot management, driver behavior scenarios, warehouse, loading and unloading processAbstract
The research is dedicated to analyzing the key aspects of efficient use of drivers' working hours in logistics providers, specifically the issue of delays during loading and unloading at customer warehouses. Rational use of drivers' working hours is an important factor in increasing the productivity of logistics companies and reducing costs associated with vehicle downtime. The purpose of the study is to justify the necessity of implementing a Time Slot Management system (TSMS) to minimize delays and improve resource utilization efficiency in transport companies.
The subject of the research is the process of managing drivers' working hours in logistics operations. The methods of systems analysis, mathematical modeling, and comparative analysis were applied in the study. An analysis of existing approaches to organizing loading and unloading processes was conducted, and the main factors influencing delays were identified.
The introduction of a Time Slot Management system is proposed to reduce waiting times, increase resource utilization efficiency, and minimize vehicle downtime. Particular attention is paid to the use of Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) for accurate forecasting of driver arrival times and quick response to schedule deviations.
Different driver behavior scenarios based on time slot management models are described, allowing the strategy to be adapted to the characteristics of warehouses and customer requirements. The proposed scientific statements contribute to the development of logistics process management theory by improving the time slot planning system in transport logistics.
The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of applying the developed recommendations in the activities of logistics providers to improve the organization of drivers' work, reduce delays, and increase the efficiency of transport resource utilization.
JEL класифікатор: L91, J22, O33, J81
References
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Guzenko, S. (2023). The logistics industry: The main challenge – the shortage of personnel. Mind.ua. URL: https://mind.ua/openmind/20260079-logistichna-galuz-golovnij-viklik-nestacha-kadriv [in Ukrainian].
Mera, D., & Sirikande, S. K. (2025). Is underutilization of truck drivers exacerbating the driver shortage? Supply Chain Management Review. URL: https://www.scmr.com/article/is_underutilization_of_truck_drivers_exacerbating_the_ driver_shortage
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Diagnosis of sanitation and parking conditions at logistics bases in Poland and Europe. (2023). Truckers Life. URL: https://truckerslife.eu/en/news/rewport-diagnosis-of-sanitation-and-parking-conditions-at-logistics-bases-in-poland-and-in-europe
Boyce, W. S. (2023). Truck driver waiting: A lingering problem. Iris Journal of Economics & Business Management, 1(4). URL: https://doi.org/10.33552/IJEBM.2023.01.000520
Kuzhel, V. P., & Kostenyuk, V. O. (2023). Effective organization of loading and unloading operations in multimodal transportation. Materials of the LII Scientific and Technical Conference of VNTU Divisions, Vinnytsia, June 21-23, 2023. URL: https://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/40994/18778.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y [in Ukrainian].
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Wilson, M. C. (2007). The impact of transportation disruptions on supply chain performance. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 43(4), 295–320.
Butar, P. A. B., & Ahmed, A. A. (2023). Analysis of internal and external factors of transport delays on PT Sari Dumai Oleo. Synergy International Journal of Logistics, 1(1), 1–7.
Krechmer, D., Perry, N., Destro, L., & Gallaher, S. (2012). Weather delay costs to trucking. U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration Intelligent Transportation System Joint Program Office. URL: file:///Users/admin/Downloads/dot_3384_DS1.pdf
Puri, K. (2023). How to manage a driver schedule with route optimization. Fareye. URL: https://fareye.com/resources/blogs/how-to-manage-a-driver-schedule-with-route-optimization
Delivery time slot management: Guide. (2024). Fleexy. URL: https://fleexy.dev/blog/delivery-time-slot-management-guide-2024/
Elbert, R., & Thiel, D. (2016). Impact of the warehouse operator’s behavior regarding enforcement of time slots in the cost structure of road freight transport services. Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 81235, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics, and Law.
Vector. (2023). Dock scheduling in warehouse: More efficient logistics? Withvector. URL: https://www.withvector.com/dock-scheduling-in-warehouse-more-efficient-logistics/
Späth, B. (2023). Optimised time slot management – time slot booking has never been easier. Eikona Logistics. URL: https://www.eikona-logistics.de/en/post/optimised-time-slot-management-time-slot-booking-has-never-been-easier
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Chetverukhin, B. M., Levkovets, P. R., Melnychenko, O. I., & Chetverukhina, O. B. (2004). Fundamentals of system theory and systems analysis (Textbook). Kyiv: NTU. 272 p. [in Ukrainian].
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СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ
1. Карпенко Д. Типові проблеми управління персоналом для логістичних компаній та шляхи їх вирішення. URL: https://fillin.ua/stati/vikliki-v-upravlinni-personalom-dlya-logistichnikh-kompaniy/ (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
2. Гузенко С. Логістична галузь: головний виклик – нестача кадрів. URL: https://mind.ua/openmind/20260079-logistichna-galuz-golovnij-viklik-nestacha-kadriv (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
3. Mera D., Sirikande S. K. (2025). Is underutilization of truck drivers exacerbating the driver shortage? Supply Chain Management Review. URL: https://www.scmr.com/article/is_underutilization_of_truck_drivers_exacerbating_the_ driver_shortage (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
4. Lysionok A. Ось найбільші проблеми, з якими стикаються водії вантажівок. І справа зовсім не в зарплаті. Trans.info. 2023.
URL:https://trans.info/ua/os-naybilshi-problemi-z-yakimi-stikayutsya-vodiyi-vantazhivok-326538 (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
5. Diagnosis of sanitation and parking conditions at logistics bases in Poland and in Europe. Truckers Life. 2023. URL: https://truckerslife.eu/en/news/rewport-diagnosis-of-sanitation-and-parking-conditions-at-logistics-bases-in-poland-and-in-europe (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
6. Boyce W. S. Truck driver waiting: A lingering problem. Iris Journal of Economics & Business Management. 2023. 1(4). URL: https://doi.org/10.33552/IJEBM.2023.01.000520
7. Кужель В. П., Костенюк В. О. Ефективна організація навантаження та розвантаження вантажів у мультимодальних перевезеннях. Матеріали LIІ науково-технічної конференції підрозділів ВНТУ, Вінниця, 21-23 червня 2023 р. URL: https://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/40994/18778.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
8. Бабій М. В., Чорній Б. П. Вплив підготовчих операцій на ефективність транспортування вантажів. Матеріали міжнародної науково-технічної конференції, присвяченої пам’яті професора Гевка Богдана Матвійовича. Проблеми теорії проектування та виготовлення транспортно-технологічних машин. Тернопіль: ТНТУ. 23-24 вересня 2021.
9. Самостян В. Р., Онищук В. П. Удосконалення процесом планування перевезення вантажів автомобільним транспортом: монографія. Луцьк : ІВВ ЛНТУ, 2023. 158 с.
10. Wilson M. C. The impact of transportation disruptions on supply chain performance. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 2007. 43(4), 295–320.
11. Butar P. A. B., Ahmed A. A. Analysis of internal and external factors of transport delays on PT Sari Dumai Oleo. Synergy International Journal of Logistics, (2023). 1(1), 1–7.
12. Krechmer D., Perry N., Destro L., Gallaher, S. Weather delay costs to trucking. U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration Intelligent Transportation System Joint Program Office. 2012. URL: file:///Users/admin/Downloads/dot_3384_DS1.pdf (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
13. Puri K. How to manage a driver schedule with route optimization. Fareye. URL: https://fareye.com/resources/blogs/how-to-manage-a-driver-schedule-with-route-optimization (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
14. Delivery time slot management: Guide. Fleexy. URL: https://fleexy.dev/blog/delivery-time-slot-management-guide-2024/ (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
15. Elbert R., Thiel D. Impact of the warehouse operator’s behavior regarding enforcement of time slots in the cost structure of road freight transport services. Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 81235, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, 2016.
16. Vector. Dock scheduling in warehouse: More efficient logistics? Withvector. URL: https://www.withvector.com/dock-scheduling-in-warehouse-more-efficient-logistics/ (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
17. Späth, B. Optimised time slot management – time slot booking has never been easier. Eikona Logistics. URL: https://www.eikona-logistics.de/en/post/optimised-time-slot-management-time-slot-booking-has-never-been-easier (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
18. Офіційний сайт Vetropack. URL: https://www.vetropack.com/uk/ (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
19. Офіційний сайт Raben Ukraine. URL: https://ukraine.raben-group.com/ (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
20. Четверухін Б.М., Левковець П.Р., Мельниченко О.І., Четверухіна О.Б. Основи теорії систем і системного аналіз: навч. посіб. Київ: НТУ, 2004. 272 с.
21. Янішевський С.В., Дідківська Л.С., Терпелюк Г.Ю. Оцінка впливу періодичних збурень (перекриття) руху на функціонування транспортної мережі м.Києва (на прикладі мосту ім.Патона). Наукові нотатки. Міжвузівський збірник (за галузями знань «Технічні науки»). Вип.55 (липень-вересень 2016). Луцьк, ЛНТУ, 2016. С.134-138.
Guzenko, S. (2023). The logistics industry: The main challenge – the shortage of personnel. Mind.ua. URL: https://mind.ua/openmind/20260079-logistichna-galuz-golovnij-viklik-nestacha-kadriv [in Ukrainian].
Mera, D., & Sirikande, S. K. (2025). Is underutilization of truck drivers exacerbating the driver shortage? Supply Chain Management Review. URL: https://www.scmr.com/article/is_underutilization_of_truck_drivers_exacerbating_the_ driver_shortage
Lysionok, A. (2023). The biggest problems truck drivers face: It’s not just about the salary. Trans.info. URL: https://trans.info/ua/os-naybilshi-problemi-z-yakimi-stikayutsya-vodiyi-vantazhivok-326538
Diagnosis of sanitation and parking conditions at logistics bases in Poland and Europe. (2023). Truckers Life. URL: https://truckerslife.eu/en/news/rewport-diagnosis-of-sanitation-and-parking-conditions-at-logistics-bases-in-poland-and-in-europe
Boyce, W. S. (2023). Truck driver waiting: A lingering problem. Iris Journal of Economics & Business Management, 1(4). URL: https://doi.org/10.33552/IJEBM.2023.01.000520
Kuzhel, V. P., & Kostenyuk, V. O. (2023). Effective organization of loading and unloading operations in multimodal transportation. Materials of the LII Scientific and Technical Conference of VNTU Divisions, Vinnytsia, June 21-23, 2023. URL: https://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/40994/18778.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y [in Ukrainian].
Babiy, M. V., & Chornyi, B. P. (2021). The impact of preparatory operations on the efficiency of cargo transportation. Materials of the International Scientific and Technical Conference in Memory of Professor Gevko Bohdan Matviyovych. Problems of Theory of Design and Manufacturing of Transport-Technological Machines. Ternopil: TNTU. September 23-24, 2021. [in Ukrainian].
Samostyan, V. R., & Onishchuk, V. P. (2023). Improving the process of planning cargo transportation by road transport: Monograph. Lutsk: IVV LNTU. 158 p. [in Ukrainian].
Wilson, M. C. (2007). The impact of transportation disruptions on supply chain performance. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 43(4), 295–320.
Butar, P. A. B., & Ahmed, A. A. (2023). Analysis of internal and external factors of transport delays on PT Sari Dumai Oleo. Synergy International Journal of Logistics, 1(1), 1–7.
Krechmer, D., Perry, N., Destro, L., & Gallaher, S. (2012). Weather delay costs to trucking. U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration Intelligent Transportation System Joint Program Office. URL: file:///Users/admin/Downloads/dot_3384_DS1.pdf
Puri, K. (2023). How to manage a driver schedule with route optimization. Fareye. URL: https://fareye.com/resources/blogs/how-to-manage-a-driver-schedule-with-route-optimization
Delivery time slot management: Guide. (2024). Fleexy. URL: https://fleexy.dev/blog/delivery-time-slot-management-guide-2024/
Elbert, R., & Thiel, D. (2016). Impact of the warehouse operator’s behavior regarding enforcement of time slots in the cost structure of road freight transport services. Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 81235, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics, and Law.
Vector. (2023). Dock scheduling in warehouse: More efficient logistics? Withvector. URL: https://www.withvector.com/dock-scheduling-in-warehouse-more-efficient-logistics/
Späth, B. (2023). Optimised time slot management – time slot booking has never been easier. Eikona Logistics. URL: https://www.eikona-logistics.de/en/post/optimised-time-slot-management-time-slot-booking-has-never-been-easier
Official website of Vetropack. (2024). URL: https://www.vetropack.com/uk/ [in Ukrainian].
Official website of Raben Ukraine. (2024). URL: https://ukraine.raben-group.com/ [in Ukrainian].
Chetverukhin, B. M., Levkovets, P. R., Melnychenko, O. I., & Chetverukhina, O. B. (2004). Fundamentals of system theory and systems analysis (Textbook). Kyiv: NTU. 272 p. [in Ukrainian].
Yanishevskii, S. V., Didkivska, L. S., & Terpeliuk, H. Y. (2016). Assessment of the impact of periodic traffic disruptions (closures) on the functioning of the transport network of Kyiv (on the example of the Paton Bridge). Scientific Notes: Interuniversity Collection (Technical Sciences). Issue 55 (July–September 2016), 134–138. Lutsk: LNTU. [in Ukrainian].
СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ
1. Карпенко Д. Типові проблеми управління персоналом для логістичних компаній та шляхи їх вирішення. URL: https://fillin.ua/stati/vikliki-v-upravlinni-personalom-dlya-logistichnikh-kompaniy/ (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
2. Гузенко С. Логістична галузь: головний виклик – нестача кадрів. URL: https://mind.ua/openmind/20260079-logistichna-galuz-golovnij-viklik-nestacha-kadriv (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
3. Mera D., Sirikande S. K. (2025). Is underutilization of truck drivers exacerbating the driver shortage? Supply Chain Management Review. URL: https://www.scmr.com/article/is_underutilization_of_truck_drivers_exacerbating_the_ driver_shortage (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
4. Lysionok A. Ось найбільші проблеми, з якими стикаються водії вантажівок. І справа зовсім не в зарплаті. Trans.info. 2023.
URL:https://trans.info/ua/os-naybilshi-problemi-z-yakimi-stikayutsya-vodiyi-vantazhivok-326538 (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
5. Diagnosis of sanitation and parking conditions at logistics bases in Poland and in Europe. Truckers Life. 2023. URL: https://truckerslife.eu/en/news/rewport-diagnosis-of-sanitation-and-parking-conditions-at-logistics-bases-in-poland-and-in-europe (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
6. Boyce W. S. Truck driver waiting: A lingering problem. Iris Journal of Economics & Business Management. 2023. 1(4). URL: https://doi.org/10.33552/IJEBM.2023.01.000520
7. Кужель В. П., Костенюк В. О. Ефективна організація навантаження та розвантаження вантажів у мультимодальних перевезеннях. Матеріали LIІ науково-технічної конференції підрозділів ВНТУ, Вінниця, 21-23 червня 2023 р. URL: https://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/40994/18778.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
8. Бабій М. В., Чорній Б. П. Вплив підготовчих операцій на ефективність транспортування вантажів. Матеріали міжнародної науково-технічної конференції, присвяченої пам’яті професора Гевка Богдана Матвійовича. Проблеми теорії проектування та виготовлення транспортно-технологічних машин. Тернопіль: ТНТУ. 23-24 вересня 2021.
9. Самостян В. Р., Онищук В. П. Удосконалення процесом планування перевезення вантажів автомобільним транспортом: монографія. Луцьк : ІВВ ЛНТУ, 2023. 158 с.
10. Wilson M. C. The impact of transportation disruptions on supply chain performance. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 2007. 43(4), 295–320.
11. Butar P. A. B., Ahmed A. A. Analysis of internal and external factors of transport delays on PT Sari Dumai Oleo. Synergy International Journal of Logistics, (2023). 1(1), 1–7.
12. Krechmer D., Perry N., Destro L., Gallaher, S. Weather delay costs to trucking. U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration Intelligent Transportation System Joint Program Office. 2012. URL: file:///Users/admin/Downloads/dot_3384_DS1.pdf (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
13. Puri K. How to manage a driver schedule with route optimization. Fareye. URL: https://fareye.com/resources/blogs/how-to-manage-a-driver-schedule-with-route-optimization (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
14. Delivery time slot management: Guide. Fleexy. URL: https://fleexy.dev/blog/delivery-time-slot-management-guide-2024/ (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
15. Elbert R., Thiel D. Impact of the warehouse operator’s behavior regarding enforcement of time slots in the cost structure of road freight transport services. Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 81235, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, 2016.
16. Vector. Dock scheduling in warehouse: More efficient logistics? Withvector. URL: https://www.withvector.com/dock-scheduling-in-warehouse-more-efficient-logistics/ (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
17. Späth, B. Optimised time slot management – time slot booking has never been easier. Eikona Logistics. URL: https://www.eikona-logistics.de/en/post/optimised-time-slot-management-time-slot-booking-has-never-been-easier (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
18. Офіційний сайт Vetropack. URL: https://www.vetropack.com/uk/ (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
19. Офіційний сайт Raben Ukraine. URL: https://ukraine.raben-group.com/ (дата звернення: 11.11.2024).
20. Четверухін Б.М., Левковець П.Р., Мельниченко О.І., Четверухіна О.Б. Основи теорії систем і системного аналіз: навч. посіб. Київ: НТУ, 2004. 272 с.
21. Янішевський С.В., Дідківська Л.С., Терпелюк Г.Ю. Оцінка впливу періодичних збурень (перекриття) руху на функціонування транспортної мережі м.Києва (на прикладі мосту ім.Патона). Наукові нотатки. Міжвузівський збірник (за галузями знань «Технічні науки»). Вип.55 (липень-вересень 2016). Луцьк, ЛНТУ, 2016. С.134-138.
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Published
2025-03-20
Issue
Section
Management
How to Cite
Bilonoh, O., Halak, I. and Ovchar, D. (2025) “The impact of time slot management systems on drivers’ working hours in logistics service providers’ enterprises”, Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development, 1(31), pp. 50–66. doi:10.26661/2522-1566/2025-1/31-05.
